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Notes for the distribution of lsof version 3 ******************************************************************** | The latest release of lsof is always available via anonymous ftp | | from vic.cc.purdue.edu. Look in pub/tools/unix/lsof. | ******************************************************************** Contents Dialects Supported How Lsof Works Lsof Output Limiting, Filtering, and Selecting Lsof Output Parsing Lsof Output with Another Program Repeat Mode Distribution Restrictions Warranty What's new in Version 3 Version 3 Release Notes 3.0, May 24, 1994 3.01, May 27, 1994 3.02, June 2, 1994 3.03, July 8, 1994 3.04, July 15, 1994 3.05, July 26, 1994 3.06, September 2, 1994 3.07, September 8, 1994 3.08, September 23, 1994 3.09, October 18, 1994 3.10, October 21, 1994 3.11, October 28, 1994 3.12, October 29, 1994 3.13, November 11, 1994 3.14, November 16, 1994 3.15, November 25, 1994 3.16, December 2, 1994 3.17, January 25, 1994 3.18, January 31, 1995 3.19, February 10, 1995 3.20, February 23, 1995 3.21, March 3, 1995 3.22, March 9, 1995 3.23, March 24, 1995 3.24, March 31, 1995 3.25, April 5, 1995 3.26, April 20, 1995 3.27, May 2, 1995 3.28, May 26, 1995 3.29, June 2, 1995 3.30, June 8, 1995 3.31, June 16, 1995 3.32, June 23, 1995 3.33, June 28, 1995 3.34, June 30, 1995 3.35, July 9, 1995 3.36, July 20, 1995 3.37, July ??? 1995 Dialects Supported ================== Lsof (for LiSt Open Files) lists files opened by processes on selected Unix systems. It's a major revision of lsof version 2, and has been tested on: AIX 3.2.4, 3.2.5, 4.1, the IBM RISC/System 6000 4.1.1, and 4.1.2 DC/OSx 1.1 Pyramid ES, Nile and S series EP/IX 2.1.1 the CDC 4680 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1, 2.0, and Intel-based systems 2.0.5 HP-UX 8.x, 9.x, and 10 HP systems (some combinations) IRIX 4.0.5H, 5.2, 5.3, SGI systems and 6.0 Linux through 1.2.11 Intel-based systems NetBSD 1.0 and 1.0A Intel and SPARC-based systems NEXTSTEP 2.1 and 3.[0123] all NEXTSTEP architectures Novell UnixWare 1.1, Intel-based systems 1.1.1, and 1.1.2 OSF/1 1.3, 2.0, 3.0, and the DEC Alpha 3.2 RISC/os 4.52 MIPS R2000-based systems SCO OpenDesktop or Intel-based systems OpenServer 1.1, 3.0, and 5.0 Sequent Dynix 3.0.12 the Sequent Symmetry Sequent PTX 2.1.[156] and Sequent systems 4.0.[23] Solaris 2.[1234] Sun 4 and i86pc systems SunOS 4.1.[1234] Sun 3 and 4 Ultrix 2.2, 4.2, 4.3, DEC RISC and VAX and 4.4 V/88 R32V3, R40V4.2, and Motorola M88K systems R40V4.3 (The pub/tools/unix/lsof/contrib directory on vic.cc.purdue.edu contains information on other ports.) How Lsof Works ============== Using available kernel data access methods -- getproc(), getuser(), kvm_*(), nlist(), pstat(), read(), readx(), /proc -- lsof reads process table entries, user areas and file pointers to reach the underlying structures that describe files opened by processes. Lsof interprets most file node structures -- advfsnodes, cnodes, cdrnodes, devnodes, fifonodes, gnodes, hsnodes, inodes, mfsnodes, pcnodes, procnodes, rnodes, snodes, specnodes, s5inodes, tmpnodes. It understands NFS connections. It recognizes FIFOs, multiplexed files, Unix and Internet sockets. It knows about streams. It understands /proc file systems for some dialects. On many dialects it recognizes execution text and library references. Lsof Output =========== The lsof output describes: * the process that has opened the file; * the process group identification number of the process (optional); * the command the process is executing; * the owner of the process; * for all files in use by the process, including the executing text file and the shared libraries it is using: * the file descriptor number of the file, if applicable; * the file's access mode; * the file's lock status; * the file's device numbers; * the file's inode number; * the file's size or offset; * the name of the file system containing the file; * any available components of the file's path name; * the names of the file's stream components; * the file's local and remote network addresses. Limiting, Filtering, and Selecting Lsof Output ============================================== Lsof accepts options to limit, filter, and select its output. These are the possible criteria: * Process ID (PID) number -- to list the open files for a given process; * Process Group ID (PGRP) -- to list the open files for all the processes of a given process group; * User ID number or login name -- to list the open files for all the processes of a given user; * Internet address -- to list the open files using a given Internet address (host name), protocol, or port (number or name); or to list all open Internet files; * Command name; * File descriptor name or number; * list all open NFS files; * list all open Unix domain socket files; * list all uses of a specific file; * list all open files on a file system. Selection options are normally ORed -- i.e., an open file meeting any of the criteria is listed. The selection options may be ANDed so that an open file will be listed only if it meets all the criteria. In the absence of any selection criteria, lsof lists files open to all processes. Parsing Lsof Output with Another Program ======================================== The lsof -F option directs it to produce "field" output that can easily be parsed by another program. The lsof distribution contains sample awk, perl 4, and perl 5 scripts in its scripts subdirectory that show how to post-process field output. Repeat Mode =========== Lsof can be directed to produce output, delay for a specified time, then repeat the output, cycling until stopped by an interrupt or quit signal. This mode is useful for monitoring the status of some file operation -- e.g., an ftp transfer or a tape backup operation. Repeat mode is more efficient when combined with lsof's selection options, since they limit lsof overhead. It's possible to use lsof's field output options to supply repeat mode output to another process for its manipulation. The scripts subdirectory of the lsof distribution has sample Perl scripts showing how to consume lsof repeat mode output from a pipe. Distribution Restrictions ========================= Lsof may be used and distributed freely, subject to these limitations: 1. Neither the author nor Purdue University is responsible for any consequences of the use of this software. 2. The origin of this software must not be misrepresented, either by explicit claim or by omission. Credit to the author and Purdue University must appear in documentation and sources. 3. Altered versions must be plainly marked as such, and must not be misrepresented as being the original software. 4. This notice may not be removed from or altered in the lsof source files. Warranty ======== Lsof is provided as-is without any warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of lsof is with you. Should lsof prove defective, you assume the cost of all necessary servicing, repair, or correction. What's new in Version 3 ======================= I had three goals in mind for version 3: 1. Make it faster. Lsof 3 defers as many lookup operations -- /dev scan, mount table scan, /etc/services scan -- until they're needed. I used prof on lsof and used its information to reduce lsof's overhead. 2. Make it easier to maintain and port to other systems, and eliminate complicated nestings of #if/#else/#endif pre-processor statements. 3. Add a few features: o ANDing of options; o Sorting of output by Process ID; o Searching for Unix domain sockets by name -- to a limited extent. o Process group ID support. (This was a late addition.) As a result of goal 2, the organization of lsof version 3 differs greatly from version 2. The main directory contains totally common functions, a dialect subdirectory contains subdirectories of code specific to each Unix dialect that is supported. There is also a dialects/common subdirectory that contains code fragments that are used by more than one, but not all dialects. A top-level Configure script constructs the complete set of sources for a given dialect and the Makefile at the top-level. Configure is self-documenting. Version 3 Release Notes ======================= 3.0 May 24, 1994 This is the first official release of lsof 3. 3.01 May 27, 1994 Corrected the #ifdef condition for HASPWSTAYOPEN under Sequent Dynix 3.0.12. Fixed bug that prevented the display of current working and root directory path names under SunOS 4.1.x, even when the user area contained pointers to them. Changed the strategy for allocating space to the local proc table in EP/IX, NEXTSTEP, Solaris, and SunOS. Closed the distance between reading the Solaris proc structure and its companion pid structure in an effort to avoid using a stale pid structure pointer. A stale pid structure pointer sometimes causes a segmentation violation in kvm_read(). Added code to the SunOS kread() function to filter out non-kernel addresses that might lead kvm_read() to a segmentation violation. The Configure script was updated to create a header file, kernelbase.h, with the necessary kernel memory boundary value; and to remove the header file when the -clean option is specified. The Configure script now passes the target name to the Mksrc shell script. It's used by sun/Mksrc to determine the source for kernelbase.h. 3.02 June 2, 1994 Added #if's to of kernelbase.h for Solaris and SunOS. This eliminates a redeclaration complaint from old versions of SunOS. Added code to process_file() in all dialects to display "no more information" when f_count in the file structure is zero. 3.03 July 8, 1994 Added support for displaying process group IDs. This includes two new options: -j to select PGRP display; and -g<list> to specify a list of PGRPs whose files are to be displayed. (-j was chosen to match a similar option in some ps(1)'s.) Philippe-Andre Prindeville <philipp@res.enst.fr> suggested this addition. 3.04 July 15, 1994 Corrected handling of port name component of -i option on systems where htons() is required. Corrected casting of UID arguments -- needed when UID is a short and the compiler wants the minimum argument size to be larger. 3.05 July 26, 1994 Added printing of DECnet socket information for the Ultrix 4.2 and 4.3 dialects. John Beacom <beacom@wisnud.physics.wisc.edu> kindly provided the test system. A new Configure abbreviation, ultrix42dn, must be used to activate the DECnet support. 3.06 September 2, 1994 The major news in this revision are the V/88 R32V3 and R40V4.2 ports for Motorola M88K systems. Chance Neale <cneale@panix.com> kindly provided test systems and Mike Feldman <feldman@charm.urbana.mcd.mot.com> provided technical assistance. Version 3.06 contains other, minor modifications: * The Configure script has been isolated from the environment, thanks to a report of a CC=xlc problem from Johnny Tolliver <jxt@ca04.cad.ornl.gov>. Johnny also suggested a better form for the install commands in the Makefile's install rule. This change affected all the dialect Mksrc scripts. A new HP-UX abbreviation (hpuxx25) was added for systems that have the /etc/conf/x25 include files. The old HP-UX abbreviation (hpux) no longer references /etc/conf or defines HPUX_CCITT. * The command "lsof `tty`" now works most places (maybe not always for SGI IRIX, but I tried) thanks to a bug report from Casper Dik <casper@fwi.uva.nl>. * A mode has been added to disable forking when debugging. The V/88 R40V4.2 debugger needed that. * Printing of stream NAMEs was standardized (IRIX was different) and an attempt was made to avoid stream NAMEs like /dev/ttyx4->/dev/ttyx4. * A new documentation file, 00FAQ, accompanies the distribution. It contains frequently asked questions about lsof, and the best answers I can manage to give. * I have a new HP-UX test system, courtesy of Dave Curry <davy@ecn.purdue.edu> and George Goble <ghg@ecn.purdue.edu> of Purdue's Engineering Computer Network. I want to thank J. Nelson Howell <nelson@zeus.mgmt.purdue.edu> of Purdue's School of Management for his prior support of lsof development under HP-UX. 3.07 September 8, 1994 This revision contains a small security enhancement. Tim Ramsey <tar@ksu.ksu.edu> pointed out that lsof's setgid or setuid power might allow it's user to read an alternate kernel name list or memory file via the -c and -k options that the real UID might not have authority to read. In revision 3.07 lsof uses access(2) to check the real UID's authority to read files named with -c and -k. 3.08 September 23, 1994 This revision contains support for Novell's UnixWare, versions 1.1, 1.1.1, and 1.1.2. Peter Lord <plord@novell.co.uk> made this possible by providing a copy of UnixWare and supplying technical advice. Binaries and sources for this version will be available from Novell sources. See the Novell UnixWare section of the distribution's 00README file for details. This version adds /proc file system support to the dialects derived from SYSV R4 (except EP/IX 2.1.1): FreeBSD, IRIX 5.2, Solaris, UnixWare, and V/88 R40V4.2. This version compiles under IRIX 4.0.5 again, correcting a problem introduced at version 3.06 in the "lsof `tty`" fix. HP-UX now skips file systems whose mount type is "ignore". The presence of the -c option is now controlled by the HASCOPT definition in machine.h. The HASSWAPPORT option is now documented and implemented correctly. Hans Petter Christiansen <hpchr@dxcern.cern.ch> suggested these changes. 3.09 October 18, 1994 This revision recognizes the DEC Alpha OSF/1 V3.0, IBM AIX 4.1, and Solaris 2.4 dialects. It has support for the SunOS 4.1.3 PC file system and two bug fixes: an IRIX, V/88, and Solaris file argument processing bug; and a V/88 include error. Alex Kreis <akreis@us.oracle.com> made the initial request for DEC OSF/1 V3.0 support and provided help with testing. Ron Young <ron@screamer.nevada.edu> graciously provided a test host. James Woodward <woodward@zk3.dec.com> provided invaluable clues to V3.0 kernel organization. Others who read the alpha-osf-managers mailing list made generous offers of test facilities, and I thank them, too. The decosf3 abbreviation was added to the Configure script, and the script was modified to request the name of the system configuration subdirectory of /sys where the configuration-specific header files reside for the decosf1, decosf2, and decosf3 configuration abbreviations. Mark Peek <mark_peek@taligent.com> provided and tested the AIX 4.1 changes. Casper Dik <casper@fwi.uva.nl> provided and tested the Solaris 2.4 changes. Friedel Loinger <friedel@wise.tau.ac.il> suggested the addition of support for the SunOS 4.1.3 PC file system ("pcfs"). Andreas Stolcke <stolcke@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> supplied a fix to a file argument processing bug that causes lsof to crash when supplied the path of an NFS mounted file. The bug affects lsof versions for Motorola V/88 R40V4.2, SGI IRIX 5.2, and Solaris 2.[123]. Corrected an error in the path to include prdata.h in dlsof.h for Motorola V/88 R40V4.2. 3.10 October 21, 1994 This revision adds support for the cache and PC file systems to Solaris. It fixes these bugs: a problem with the display of Motorola V/88 R40V4.2 device numbers; and a failure of Readlink() to resolve symbolic links completely in all cases. Some major internal restructuring was necessary to be able to display negative inode numbers for SunOS PC file system nodes, while displaying them as unsigned numbers for Solaris, hence all dialect versions were affected. 3.11 October 28, 1994 This revision adds support for Linux version 1.0.9. Tim Korb <jtk@arthur.cs.purdue.edu> kindly provided a development system in the Computer Science Department at Purdue. It is likely that the Linux revision will have to be adjusted for each installation, and it is probable that this revision will not run under later versions of Linux. See the 00FAQ and 00REAME files for more information on Linux tuning. 3.12 October 29, 1994 This revision supports Linux version 1.1.47 -- the Yggdrasil Plug-and-Play Linux Fall '94 release. Both Linux versions now obtain kernel symbol addresses from the /zSystem.map file. November 4, 1994 Hendrik G. Seliger <hank@Blimp.automat.uni-essen.de> reports that lsof compiles and seems to work under Linux 1.1.61. He used the linux1147 Configure abbreviation. Marty Leisner <leisner@sdsp.mc.xerox.com> reports that the linux1147 Configure abbreviation produces a working lsof for Linux 1.1.64, too. 3.13 November 11, 1994 This revision contains Pyramid DC/OSx support, provided by Anthony Shortland <Anthony.Shortland@FMR.com>. Marty Leisner <leisner@sdsp.mc.xerox.com> reported a segmentation violation failure in Linux lsof. In response I changed its task structure access to use /dev/kmem instead of mmap'ing kernel memory. This avoids a possible segmentation violation when bad pointers are obtained from kernel memory. I also enabled the setting of Linux INET and Unix select flags so that the -n and -U options work -- I forgot to do that when I did the Linux port. Marty Leisner reports that the lunix1147 Configure abbreviation produces a working lsof for Linux 1.1.64, too. Francois Pindard <pinard@iro.umontreal.ca> provided a correction to the Linux install rule. 3.14 November 16, 1994 This revision adjusts the Configure script stanzas for DEC OSF/1, Motorola V/88, Pyramid DC/OSx, and Ultrix. It also contains additional support for DC/OSx and Ultrix. Bruce Beare <bjb@pyramid.com> and Robert Vernon <bob@pyramid.com.au> helped me understand Pyramid nomenclature. Robert Vernon provided DC/OSx support for the RxFS file system and added machine series auto-detection to the Configure script. Alex Podlecki <a.podlecki@att.com> helped test the updated DC/OSx distribution. Chris Timmons <skynyrd@tahoma.cwu.edu> provided information on RISC and VAX Ultrix 4.4 that led to correct prefixing of nlist() names. I updated the Configure script to detect Ultrix version, machine hardware type, and the presence of DECnet support. I also updated the OSF/1 and V/88 Configure scripts to determine configuration parameters automatically. 3.15 November 25, 1994 Corrected DEC OSF/1 V2.0 support of the ADVFS file system. Bernt Christandl <beb@mpe-garching.mpg.de> and Alex Kreis <akreis@us.oracle.com> helped test. No OSF/1 V1.x system with ADVFS was available for testing. 3.16 December 2, 1994 Fixed some device number handling bugs in DEC OSF/1 V2.0 and V3.0 support. 3.17 January 25, 1994 lsof now supports SGI IRIX 5.3, thanks to changes supplied by Dave Olson <olson@anchor.engr.sgi.com>; and SCO OpenDesktop or OpenServer releases 1.1 and 3.0, thanks to support from Dion Johnson <dionj@sco.com>, Bela Lubkin <belal@sco.com>, and Nathan Peterson <nathanp@sco.com>. Dave Olson pointed out an IRIX stream handling bug in sgi/dnode.c. When I investigated it, I found that it had implications wider than SGI IRIX. The eventual fix provided the display of inode numbers for character devices when the inode number must be obtained from /dev. IRIX, Solaris, and SunOS benefit from the fix. I added version detection to the Configure script, so there is now just one Configure abbreviation for IRIX versions 4.05, 5.2, and 5.3 -- ``irix''. (The Configure abbreviation for the SCO dialect ``sco''.) Ian Darrow <ian@sq.com> pointed out that lsof wouldn't Configure or work properly under Solaris on an i86pc. Sorting out the difficulties made clear that the HASSWAPPORT definition should be removed from every machine.h file and that ntohs() should be used in every dsock.c on every port supplied to printinaddr(). Andreas Stolcke <stolcke@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> pointed out a method that sometimes allows lsof to report on files open to a crashed or unavailable remote NFS server. This led to the addition of code, where possible, to estimate the device number of mount points that cannot be stat()'d. The alternate device number can come from /etc/mtab or /etc/mnttab, or from the dialect's version of them. On systems that use /etc/mtab or /etc/mnttab, it is sometimes possible to add the device number manually to the mount options field in the form ``dev=xxxx''. Some internal changes in the way lsof handles device numbers were necessary to prevent ones whose dev_t typedef is a signed short from causing sign extension when promoted to integers as function arguments. David Addison <addy@meiko.co.uk> and Robert Ehrlich <Robert.Ehrlich@inria.fr> pointed out that lsof errs when reporting device numbers and other node information for some special Sun files. I rewrote most of sun/dnode.c to correct the problem; Robert rewrote it again; and I rewrote it once more. David and Robert helped me test it under Solaris 2.[34] and SunOs 4.1.[23]. While using code from the Motorola V/88 port for the SCO port, I found and fixed some NFS bugs in the V/88 port. 3.18 January 31, 1995 I added the -b and -w options. The -b option causes lsof to avoid the functions lstat(2), readlink(2), and stat(2) that might block in the kernel -- e.g., when they reference an inaccessible NFS file system. Instead it uses alternate device numbers obtained from the mount table, where possible. The -w option causes lsof to suppress warning messages -- e.g., when the -b option has been specified. The suppression of warning messages was formerly bundled into the -t option. The -t option now selects -w. I figured out how to make alternate AIX 3.2.5 device numbers from the kernel mount structure. The new -b option therefore works under AIX 3.2.5. With the help of Chance Neale <cneale@panix.com> I fixed bugs in the Motorola V/88 R32V3 NFS support. I added a solariscc Configure abbreviation for those who want to use Sun's C compiler. 3.19 February 10, 1995 Robert Ehrlich <Robert.Ehrlich@inria.fr> pointed out that lsof might be able to gather more complete path name information from the kernel's name cache. Name cache access may be inhibited with the new -C option. Revision 3.19 implements name cache access for: DEC OSF/1 [23].0 Dynix (Purdue 3.0.12) EP/IX 2.1.1 FreeBSD 1.1.5.1 HP-UX 9.01 Motorola V/88 R40V4.2 NEXTSTEP 3.1 SGI IRIX 5.3 Solaris 2.[34] SunOS 4.1.x Ultrix 2.2 and 4.2 Revision 3.19 does NOT implement name cache access for: === AIX The knlist() function won't return cache addresses -- some IBM wisdom to "protect" their customers. Linux My only access is to 1.0.9, and it doesn't seem to have a kernel name cache. Motorola V/88 It doesn't have a unified R32V3 name cache. Novell UnixWare I don't have a test system. Pyramid DC/OSx I don't have a test system. SCO OpenDesktop It doesn't have a unified OpenServer name cache. SGI IRIX 4.0.5H I saw no unified name cache in the header files before my 4.05H system was converted to 5.2. SGI IRIX 5.2 I don't have a test system. Another Robert Ehrlich suggestion led to the establishment of a device cache file feature. The new -D option gives control of it. This feature speeds lsof dramatically on some dialects after lsof has been called once and the cache has been built. (Calling stat(2) on several hundred or thousand /dev nodes can take a long time.) The feature can be disabled or modified in the machine.h header file and the dialects/*/ddev.c source file when lsof is built. 3.20 February 23, 1995 Upgraded Linux socket handling for versions 1.1.75 or greater with help from Marty Leisner <leisner@sdsp.mc.xerox.com> and Linus Torvalds <Linus.Torvalds@cs.Helsinki.FI>. There is now a single Configure script abbreviation for linux. Updated for Motorola V/88 R40V4.3 with help from Mike Feldman feldman@charm.urbana.mcd.mot.com> and Chance Neale <cneale@panix.com>. Updated for SGI IRIX 6.0 with help from Przemek Klosowski <przemek@rrdjazz.nist.gov and Dave Olson <olson@anchor.engr.sgi.com>. Corrected access of device cache file that needs to be updated so that someone other than the file owner can rewrite it. Deleted the chmod() failure warning. Updated Configure and the Sun Makefile to specify absolute paths to the Sun install program. 3.21 March 3, 1995 Removed BSDI BSD/386 support, because I no longer have a test system, and I needed to have separate sources for two of the three dialects (FreeBSD, and NetBSD) once served by the BSDI BSD/386 sources. FreeBSD sources are now in the freebsd subdirectory; NetBSD, in netbsd. With the help of Greg Earle <earle@isolar.Tujunga.CA.US> and Paul Kranenburg <pk@cs.few.eur.nl> installed new NetBSD support for versions 1.0 and 1.0A. The NetBSD 0.9 support was removed. The 1.0A support has been tested on Intel and SPARC-based systems. 3.22 March 9, 1995 Fixed a bug in name cache handling that occasionally caused lsof to cause a segmentation violation on FreeBSD. Although the bug didn't do that anywhere else, recreated the binaries of all dialect versions that use the affected code from rnam.frag and rnch.frag. 3.23 March 24, 1995 Removed forgotten HASSWAPPORT reference from HP-UX machine.h and inserted ntohs() calls in the printinaddr() calls of dsock.c for HP-UX and NEXTSTEP. Added support for NEXTSTEP 3.3, courtesy of Allan Nathanson <ajn@NeXT.com> 3.24 March 31, 1995 Changed Configure script to handle DEC OSF/1 V3.2. Removed leading zero from DEC OSF/1 and ADVFS version values. Added dialects/osf/dec_a/3.2 header file directory, courtesy of Dave Morrison <dmorriso@us.oracle.com>, who also tested the 3.24 DEC/OSF1 V3.2 lsof. 3.25 April 5, 1995 Ported to RISC/os on a R2030 (R2000-based) system, provided by Zdenko Tomasic <zdenko@harvey.cam.rice.edu>. Tightened security on the device cache file; lsof always tries to change its ownerships to the effective IDs after creating it. This was suggested by Stefan Kelm <kelm@cert.dfn.de>. Ported to FreeBSD 2.0, starting with work done by Kurt Jaeger <pi@complx.stgt.sub.org> on lsof revision 3.16. Ade Barkah <mbarkah@rksys.com> and William McVey <wam@cs.purdue.edu> provided test systems. 3.26 April 20, 1995 Ported to SCO OpenDesktop or OpenServer 5.0 (aka Everest and 3.2v5.0.0). Hugh Dickins <hughd@sco.COM>, Bela Lubkin <belal@sco.COM>, Craig B. Olofson <craigo@sco.COM>, and Nathan Peterson <nathan@sco.com>, provided me an early-release version of 3.2v5.0.0 and gave technical advice. Added length checking of the Namech buffer to the printinaddr() function. 3.27 May 2, 1995 Corrected typo in AIX install rule, courtesy of a report from John Colgrave <colgrave@hursley.ibm.com>. At the suggestion of Greg Earle <earle@isolar.Tujunga.CA.US> added a function to print the name of the unknown protocol (the AF_* symbol), when there is no specific processing for it in dsock.c. This change affected most dialects: exceptions are DC/OSx, Linux, Motorola V/88, and UnixWare. 3.28 May 26, 1995 Added support for Sequent PTX 2 and PTX 4. The PTX 2.1.6 and PTX 4.0.2 test systems and technical advice were provided by Gerrit Huizenga <gerrit@sequent.com>, Peter Jordan <petej@sequent.com>, Kevin Smallwood <kcs@sequent.com>, and Mike Spitzer <mks@sequent.com>. (Thomas A. Endo) <tendo@netcom.com> and (David Putz) <PutzDW@PO1.LMB.unisys.com> tested under PTX 2.1.5. Bob Foertsch <foertsch@uiuc.edu> tested under PTX 4. Kevin Smallwood tested under 2.1.1. Others who helped include Shane Kenney <shane@sequent.com>, Stephan Rossi <rossi@mtu.edu>, Douglas R. Smith <drsmith@us.oracle.com>, and Joel White <jdwhite@netcom.com>. Changed the local dev structure's name to l_dev to avoid conflicts with the PTX dev structure. Added a common/rdev1.frag -- a variant of rdev.frag. It's used by EP/IX, PTX, RISC/os, and V/88. Changed printname() to check Namech first and print it if it contains something. This eliminates some hacks in the handling of names for streams, but generates some duplicate device name look-up code in the dnode.c files of some dialects. 3.29 June 2, 1995 Added clone device support to Motorola V/88 R40V4.3. Added a generic ``-X'' option for dialect-specific use. Used it in AIX to allow use of readx(). Lsof no longer uses readx() by default, because its use can cause an AIX 3.2.x and 4.1.x kernel error to appear. Kevin Ruderman <rudi@acs.bu.edu> reported this bug to me and the possibility that lsof might trigger it. The error, known as the Stale Segment ID bug, hangs the kernel in its dir_search() function, thus hanging the application process that called it so tightly that the application process can neither be killed nor stopped. The bug does not directly affect lsof, but may cause the hang when the kernel is searching directories for other processes. 00FAQ and 00README describe the Stale Segment ID bug in more detail. Consult dialects/aix/machine.h for options on enabling or disabling readx() by default, or permanently enabling or disabling it with the HASXOPT and HASXOPT_VALUE definitions. When not using readx(), AIX lsof may not report fully on all text and loader references. Changes to the kernel getuser() function in AIX 4.1.1 appear to have eliminated the text file and loader file reference information that once led lsof to use readx(); of course, without that information, lsof can no longer report on the executing text file or shared libraries in 4.1.1. Changed the Configure script to use a single abbreviation, aix, for AIX. Configure now uses /usr/bin/oslevel to determine the AIX version; in the absence of /usr/bin/oslevel, Configure issues a warning and assumes the version is 3.2.0. Source code changes were made to dialects/aix/*.[ch] to accommodate the new form of the _AIXV value. 3.30 June 8, 1995 Added -c to the installation of the man page in the Ultrix Makefile's install rule. Thanks go to Jules van Weerden <Jules.vanWeerden@let.ruu.nl> for noticing this omission. Made FreeBSD 2.0 changes: 1) added automatic sensing of the FreeBSD 2.0 boot file path, using the getbootfile(3) function (suggested by Ade Barkah <mbarkah@rksys.com>); 2) changed kvm_getprocs(3) function call to use KERN_PROC_ALL symbol from <sys/sysctl.h>, thus eliminating incorrect use of the <sys/kinfo.h> and <sys/kinfo_proc.h> header files; and 3) removed <sys/kinfo.h> and <sys/kinfo_proc.h> header files from dialects/freebsd/include/2/sys subdirectory of distribution. Tested under AIX 4.1.2. 3.31 June 16, 1995 Added the NOUSAGEONERR definition to allow lsof to be compiled with the displaying of usage information after option error messages disabled. Lsof is distributed without the NOUSAGEONERR definition -- i.e., usage output is displayed after option error messages. Worked on documentation in the 00* files and the man page, adding tables of contents, making usage more consistent, trying to insure proper dialect titles, and inserting some notes about distribution restrictions (few) and warranty (none). Fixed Motorola V88 R32V3 bug in handling Internet files. This bug was introduced some time ago, but I have only recently been able to test under R32V3 again. 3.32 June 23, 1995 Added the ability to the Linux nlist() function to automatically detect that the kernel binary is COFF or ELF form. Also corrected the UID_ARG cast from int to u_int. These changes were suggested by Michael Shields <shields@tembel.org>. Joseph J. Nuspl Jr. <nuspl@nvwls.cc.purdue.edu> provided a test system. Updated lsof for HP-UX 10. Richard Allen <ra@rhi.hi.is> provided a test system. The hpux stanza in the HP-UX configure script was updated to sense the HP-UX version automatically, and to sense the availability of CCITT header files in /etc/conf/x25. 3.33 June 28, 1994 Added options to select "field" output that can be parsed by a subsequent program. (The -f, -F, and -0 options form the selection set.) Provided sample awk and Perl scripts for parsing and displaying field output. This feature was suggested by Dan Bernstein <djb@silverton.berkeley.edu>. Tested under PTX 4.0.3. 3.34 June 30, 1995 Changed display of file offset to decimal in the form "0t12345678" if it is less than 100,000,000. The offset is displayed in hexadecimal in the form "0x12abcdef" if it is larger than 99,999,999. Changed inode field output from signed to unsigned decimal. Updated the list_fields.{awk,perl} and list_NULf.perl5 scripts. Documented the truncated inode output form (leading `*' and 5 digits) for inodes that are too large for the output field; thanks go to Leonard Sitongia <sitongia@zia.hao.ucar.edu> for pointing out that this wasn't documented. 3.35 July 9, 1995 Added loopback file system support to Solaris with advice from Casper Dik <casper@Holland.Sun.COM>. Removed the NOSAGEONERR compile option in favor of producing a shortened usage message when option errors are detected. Marty Leisner <leisner@sdsp.mc.xerox.com> provided code to validate the Linux system map file (/System.map or /zSystem.map). If lsof detects that the system map file doesn't match the booted kernel, it complains and quits. Updated host name cache to include dot forms -- e.g., when the host name can't be obtained via gethostbydddr(). This prevents subsequent lookup delays for the same address. 3.36 July 20, 1995 Updated kernel name cache handling to assume a default size for pointer-linked caches (DEC OSF/1, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and SGI IRIX 5.3) when the kernel's cache size variable has a value of zero. A warning is issued, but lsof proceeds to read and use the name cache. Folded rdev1.frag into rdev.frag by supporting a HASDNAMLEN #define for those dialects whose DIRTYPE structure has a d_namlen definition. Updated Linux distribution to avoid using d_namlen from struct dirent if the Linux version is 1.2.10 or greater. This avoidance might work on earlier version of Linux, too, but I have no way of telling. Added support for FreeBSD 2.0.5. Ade Barkah <mbarkah@hemi.com> provided a test system. Added WARNDEVACCESS definition to machine.h control the default issuance of device directory and subdirectory access errors. Changed options: -m (mount warning) option deleted -c (core file) option changed to -m -c option redesignated as command selector -d (device warning) option deleted -d option redesignated as file descriptor selector -O (order) option changed to less-overhead option -r option added to enable repeat mode Added a repeat mode in which lsof will display output, sleep for the number of seconds defined by the repeat-mode option, -r <seconds>, and then display output again, doing this repetitively until it receives an interrupt or quit signal. This option is much more efficient for monitoring a file than calling lsof repeatedly from a shell script, since it entails only one set of lsof startup operations. The CANDOCHILD compile-time option has been removed. The -O run-time option will do the same thing. 3.37 July ??? 1995 Fixed incorrect setting of low-overhead flag from -O option. Marty Leisner reports that d_namlen is not needed under Linux 1.2.8. Changed the #if test that sets HASDNAMLEN accordingly. Made more changes to option processing: combined -f, -F, and -0 into -F (-0 becomes a field identifier value for -F); now allow -F, -g, -r, and -S to have an optional value; made -F? (help) and -F0 (all fields plus NUL terminator) special forms of -F; and added support for --. These option processing changes are handled with a local getopt() function (named GetOpt() to avoid confustion). Made yet another attempt to create "standard" install and deinstall SunOS/Solaris Makefile rules. Vic Abell <abe@cc.purdue.edu> Purdue University Computing Center July 27, 1995